The COVID-19 pandemic and serious psychological consequences in Bangladesh: A population-based nationwide study.
Identifieur interne : 000113 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000112; suivant : 000114The COVID-19 pandemic and serious psychological consequences in Bangladesh: A population-based nationwide study.
Auteurs : Mohammed A. Mamun [Bangladesh] ; Najmuj Sakib [Bangladesh] ; David Gozal [États-Unis] ; Akm Israfil Bhuiyan [Bangladesh] ; Sahadat Hossain [Bangladesh] ; Md Bodrud-Doza [Bangladesh] ; Firoj Al Mamun [Bangladesh] ; Ismail Hosen [Bangladesh] ; Mariam Binte Safiq [Bangladesh] ; Abu Hasnat Abdullah [Bangladesh] ; Md Abedin Sarker [Bangladesh] ; Istihak Rayhan [Bangladesh] ; Md Tajuddin Sikder [Bangladesh] ; Mohammad Muhit [Bangladesh] ; Chung-Ying Lin [Taïwan] ; Mark D. Griffiths [Royaume-Uni] ; Amir H. Pakpour [Suède]Source :
- Journal of affective disorders [ 1573-2517 ] ; 2021.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adulte (MeSH), Anxiété (épidémiologie), Bangladesh (épidémiologie), Dépression (épidémiologie), Enquêtes et questionnaires (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Idéation suicidaire (MeSH), Jeune adulte (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Pandémies (MeSH), Prévalence (MeSH), Stress psychologique (épidémiologie), Troubles de l'endormissement et du maintien du sommeil (épidémiologie), Études transversales (MeSH).
- MESH :
- Wicri :
- geographic : Bangladesh.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adult (MeSH), Anxiety (epidemiology), Bangladesh (epidemiology), COVID-19 (epidemiology), COVID-19 (psychology), Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH), Depression (epidemiology), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Prevalence (MeSH), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (epidemiology), Stress, Psychological (epidemiology), Suicidal Ideation (MeSH), Surveys and Questionnaires (MeSH), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Bangladesh.
- epidemiology : Anxiety, COVID-19, Depression, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Stress, Psychological.
- psychology : COVID-19.
- Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Pandemics, Prevalence, SARS-CoV-2, Suicidal Ideation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
As with other countries worldwide, lockdown measures during the COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh were sudden and unexpected, and have the capacity to elicit serious psychological consequences. The present study examined the psychological consequences of COVID-19 in Bangladesh during the lockdown period.
METHODS
A nationwide online cross-sectional survey study recruited 10,067 individuals covering all 64 districts in Bangladesh via social media (April 1-10, 2020). The survey comprised questions concerning socio-demographics, knowledge of COVID-19, behavior towards COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, insomnia, depression, and suicidal ideation. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were performed to identify the risk factors depression and suicidal ideation. Geographical information system (GIS)-based spatial analysis was used to identify district-wise susceptibility to depression and suicidal ideation.
FINDINGS
The prevalence rate of depression and suicidal ideation related to COVID-19 was 33% and 5%%. Common risk factors for suicidal ideation and depression included being young, being female, being a cigarette smoker, having comorbid diseases, having high scores on the Fear COVID-19 Scale, and having insomnia symptoms. GIS-based maps detected high depression and suicidal ideation in the capital of Bangladesh and the districts near the capital as well as coastal areas where COVID-19 prevalence was high, as compared with districts with no reported cases.
LIMITATIONS
Self-reported scales and cross-sectional design of the study.
CONCLUSION
COVID-19 is associated with major psychological impact across Bangladesh, underlining the need of strategically located psychological support measures and improved access to mental health services, especially among women and younger people.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.036
PubMed: 33120247
PubMed Central: PMC7568472
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Bhuiyan, Akm Israfil" sort="Bhuiyan, Akm Israfil" uniqKey="Bhuiyan A" first="Akm Israfil" last="Bhuiyan">Akm Israfil Bhuiyan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bodrud Doza, Md" sort="Bodrud Doza, Md" uniqKey="Bodrud Doza M" first="Md" last="Bodrud-Doza">Md Bodrud-Doza</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hosen, Ismail" sort="Hosen, Ismail" uniqKey="Hosen I" first="Ismail" last="Hosen">Ismail Hosen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Safiq, Mariam Binte" sort="Safiq, Mariam Binte" uniqKey="Safiq M" first="Mariam Binte" last="Safiq">Mariam Binte Safiq</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sikder, Md Tajuddin" sort="Sikder, Md Tajuddin" uniqKey="Sikder M" first="Md Tajuddin" last="Sikder">Md Tajuddin Sikder</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lin, Chung Ying" sort="Lin, Chung Ying" uniqKey="Lin C" first="Chung-Ying" last="Lin">Chung-Ying Lin</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">The COVID-19 pandemic and serious psychological consequences in Bangladesh: A population-based nationwide study.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Mamun, Mohammed A" sort="Mamun, Mohammed A" uniqKey="Mamun M" first="Mohammed A" last="Mamun">Mohammed A. Mamun</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sakib, Najmuj" sort="Sakib, Najmuj" uniqKey="Sakib N" first="Najmuj" last="Sakib">Najmuj Sakib</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Gozal, David" sort="Gozal, David" uniqKey="Gozal D" first="David" last="Gozal">David Gozal</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Bhuiyan, Akm Israfil" sort="Bhuiyan, Akm Israfil" uniqKey="Bhuiyan A" first="Akm Israfil" last="Bhuiyan">Akm Israfil Bhuiyan</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>Dhaka</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Hossain, Sahadat" sort="Hossain, Sahadat" uniqKey="Hossain S" first="Sahadat" last="Hossain">Sahadat Hossain</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dhaka</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Bodrud Doza, Md" sort="Bodrud Doza, Md" uniqKey="Bodrud Doza M" first="Md" last="Bodrud-Doza">Md Bodrud-Doza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Climate Change Programme, BRAC, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Mamun, Firoj" sort="Al Mamun, Firoj" uniqKey="Al Mamun F" first="Firoj" last="Al Mamun">Firoj Al Mamun</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Hosen, Ismail" sort="Hosen, Ismail" uniqKey="Hosen I" first="Ismail" last="Hosen">Ismail Hosen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Safiq, Mariam Binte" sort="Safiq, Mariam Binte" uniqKey="Safiq M" first="Mariam Binte" last="Safiq">Mariam Binte Safiq</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Saphena Women's Dental College and General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Saphena Women's Dental College and General Hospital, Dhaka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dhaka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Abdullah, Abu Hasnat" sort="Abdullah, Abu Hasnat" uniqKey="Abdullah A" first="Abu Hasnat" last="Abdullah">Abu Hasnat Abdullah</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dhaka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Sarker, Md Abedin" sort="Sarker, Md Abedin" uniqKey="Sarker M" first="Md Abedin" last="Sarker">Md Abedin Sarker</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dhaka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rayhan, Istihak" sort="Rayhan, Istihak" uniqKey="Rayhan I" first="Istihak" last="Rayhan">Istihak Rayhan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gopalganj</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sikder, Md Tajuddin" sort="Sikder, Md Tajuddin" uniqKey="Sikder M" first="Md Tajuddin" last="Sikder">Md Tajuddin Sikder</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dhaka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muhit, Mohammad" sort="Muhit, Mohammad" uniqKey="Muhit M" first="Mohammad" last="Muhit">Mohammad Muhit</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh; CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh; CSF Global, Dhaka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dhaka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Chung Ying" sort="Lin, Chung Ying" uniqKey="Lin C" first="Chung-Ying" last="Lin">Chung-Ying Lin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: cylin36933@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tainan</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Griffiths, Mark D" sort="Griffiths, Mark D" uniqKey="Griffiths M" first="Mark D" last="Griffiths">Mark D. Griffiths</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nottingham</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Pakpour, Amir H" sort="Pakpour, Amir H" uniqKey="Pakpour A" first="Amir H" last="Pakpour">Amir H. Pakpour</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Jönköping</wicri:noRegion>
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<series><title level="j">Journal of affective disorders</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1573-2517</idno>
<imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term>
<term>Adult (MeSH)</term>
<term>Anxiety (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Bangladesh (epidemiology)</term>
<term>COVID-19 (epidemiology)</term>
<term>COVID-19 (psychology)</term>
<term>Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Depression (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Female (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Male (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term>
<term>Prevalence (MeSH)</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Stress, Psychological (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Suicidal Ideation (MeSH)</term>
<term>Surveys and Questionnaires (MeSH)</term>
<term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term>
<term>Adulte (MeSH)</term>
<term>Anxiété (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Bangladesh (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Dépression (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Enquêtes et questionnaires (MeSH)</term>
<term>Femelle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Idéation suicidaire (MeSH)</term>
<term>Jeune adulte (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mâle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Prévalence (MeSH)</term>
<term>Stress psychologique (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Troubles de l'endormissement et du maintien du sommeil (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Études transversales (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Bangladesh</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Anxiety</term>
<term>COVID-19</term>
<term>Depression</term>
<term>Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders</term>
<term>Stress, Psychological</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anxiété</term>
<term>Bangladesh</term>
<term>Dépression</term>
<term>Stress psychologique</term>
<term>Troubles de l'endormissement et du maintien du sommeil</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Pandemics</term>
<term>Prevalence</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2</term>
<term>Suicidal Ideation</term>
<term>Surveys and Questionnaires</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Enquêtes et questionnaires</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Idéation suicidaire</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Pandémies</term>
<term>Prévalence</term>
<term>Études transversales</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bangladesh</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>As with other countries worldwide, lockdown measures during the COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh were sudden and unexpected, and have the capacity to elicit serious psychological consequences. The present study examined the psychological consequences of COVID-19 in Bangladesh during the lockdown period.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b>
</p>
<p>A nationwide online cross-sectional survey study recruited 10,067 individuals covering all 64 districts in Bangladesh via social media (April 1-10, 2020). The survey comprised questions concerning socio-demographics, knowledge of COVID-19, behavior towards COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, insomnia, depression, and suicidal ideation. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were performed to identify the risk factors depression and suicidal ideation. Geographical information system (GIS)-based spatial analysis was used to identify district-wise susceptibility to depression and suicidal ideation.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>FINDINGS</b>
</p>
<p>The prevalence rate of depression and suicidal ideation related to COVID-19 was 33% and 5%%. Common risk factors for suicidal ideation and depression included being young, being female, being a cigarette smoker, having comorbid diseases, having high scores on the Fear COVID-19 Scale, and having insomnia symptoms. GIS-based maps detected high depression and suicidal ideation in the capital of Bangladesh and the districts near the capital as well as coastal areas where COVID-19 prevalence was high, as compared with districts with no reported cases.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>LIMITATIONS</b>
</p>
<p>Self-reported scales and cross-sectional design of the study.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>
</p>
<p>COVID-19 is associated with major psychological impact across Bangladesh, underlining the need of strategically located psychological support measures and improved access to mental health services, especially among women and younger people.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>13</Day>
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<DateRevised><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>13</Day>
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<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>279</Volume>
<PubDate><Year>2021</Year>
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<Day>15</Day>
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<Title>Journal of affective disorders</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>J Affect Disord</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>The COVID-19 pandemic and serious psychological consequences in Bangladesh: A population-based nationwide study.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>462-472</MedlinePgn>
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<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">As with other countries worldwide, lockdown measures during the COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh were sudden and unexpected, and have the capacity to elicit serious psychological consequences. The present study examined the psychological consequences of COVID-19 in Bangladesh during the lockdown period.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS">A nationwide online cross-sectional survey study recruited 10,067 individuals covering all 64 districts in Bangladesh via social media (April 1-10, 2020). The survey comprised questions concerning socio-demographics, knowledge of COVID-19, behavior towards COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, insomnia, depression, and suicidal ideation. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were performed to identify the risk factors depression and suicidal ideation. Geographical information system (GIS)-based spatial analysis was used to identify district-wise susceptibility to depression and suicidal ideation.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="FINDINGS">The prevalence rate of depression and suicidal ideation related to COVID-19 was 33% and 5%%. Common risk factors for suicidal ideation and depression included being young, being female, being a cigarette smoker, having comorbid diseases, having high scores on the Fear COVID-19 Scale, and having insomnia symptoms. GIS-based maps detected high depression and suicidal ideation in the capital of Bangladesh and the districts near the capital as well as coastal areas where COVID-19 prevalence was high, as compared with districts with no reported cases.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="LIMITATIONS">Self-reported scales and cross-sectional design of the study.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">COVID-19 is associated with major psychological impact across Bangladesh, underlining the need of strategically located psychological support measures and improved access to mental health services, especially among women and younger people.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mamun</LastName>
<ForeName>Mohammed A</ForeName>
<Initials>MA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: mamunphi46@gmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sakib</LastName>
<ForeName>Najmuj</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gozal</LastName>
<ForeName>David</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bhuiyan</LastName>
<ForeName>Akm Israfil</ForeName>
<Initials>AI</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
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<ForeName>Sahadat</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bodrud-Doza</LastName>
<ForeName>Md</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Climate Change Programme, BRAC, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al Mamun</LastName>
<ForeName>Firoj</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hosen</LastName>
<ForeName>Ismail</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Safiq</LastName>
<ForeName>Mariam Binte</ForeName>
<Initials>MB</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Saphena Women's Dental College and General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abdullah</LastName>
<ForeName>Abu Hasnat</ForeName>
<Initials>AH</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sarker</LastName>
<ForeName>Md Abedin</ForeName>
<Initials>MA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rayhan</LastName>
<ForeName>Istihak</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sikder</LastName>
<ForeName>Md Tajuddin</ForeName>
<Initials>MT</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Muhit</LastName>
<ForeName>Mohammad</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh; CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lin</LastName>
<ForeName>Chung-Ying</ForeName>
<Initials>CY</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: cylin36933@gmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Griffiths</LastName>
<ForeName>Mark D</ForeName>
<Initials>MD</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pakpour</LastName>
<ForeName>Amir H</ForeName>
<Initials>AH</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden. Electronic address: pakpour_amir@yahoo.com.</Affiliation>
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<Month>10</Month>
<Day>17</Day>
</ArticleDate>
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<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country>
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<affiliations><list><country><li>Bangladesh</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Suède</li>
<li>Taïwan</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Missouri (État)</li>
</region>
</list>
<tree><country name="Bangladesh"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mamun, Mohammed A" sort="Mamun, Mohammed A" uniqKey="Mamun M" first="Mohammed A" last="Mamun">Mohammed A. Mamun</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Abdullah, Abu Hasnat" sort="Abdullah, Abu Hasnat" uniqKey="Abdullah A" first="Abu Hasnat" last="Abdullah">Abu Hasnat Abdullah</name>
<name sortKey="Al Mamun, Firoj" sort="Al Mamun, Firoj" uniqKey="Al Mamun F" first="Firoj" last="Al Mamun">Firoj Al Mamun</name>
<name sortKey="Bhuiyan, Akm Israfil" sort="Bhuiyan, Akm Israfil" uniqKey="Bhuiyan A" first="Akm Israfil" last="Bhuiyan">Akm Israfil Bhuiyan</name>
<name sortKey="Bodrud Doza, Md" sort="Bodrud Doza, Md" uniqKey="Bodrud Doza M" first="Md" last="Bodrud-Doza">Md Bodrud-Doza</name>
<name sortKey="Hosen, Ismail" sort="Hosen, Ismail" uniqKey="Hosen I" first="Ismail" last="Hosen">Ismail Hosen</name>
<name sortKey="Hossain, Sahadat" sort="Hossain, Sahadat" uniqKey="Hossain S" first="Sahadat" last="Hossain">Sahadat Hossain</name>
<name sortKey="Muhit, Mohammad" sort="Muhit, Mohammad" uniqKey="Muhit M" first="Mohammad" last="Muhit">Mohammad Muhit</name>
<name sortKey="Rayhan, Istihak" sort="Rayhan, Istihak" uniqKey="Rayhan I" first="Istihak" last="Rayhan">Istihak Rayhan</name>
<name sortKey="Safiq, Mariam Binte" sort="Safiq, Mariam Binte" uniqKey="Safiq M" first="Mariam Binte" last="Safiq">Mariam Binte Safiq</name>
<name sortKey="Sakib, Najmuj" sort="Sakib, Najmuj" uniqKey="Sakib N" first="Najmuj" last="Sakib">Najmuj Sakib</name>
<name sortKey="Sarker, Md Abedin" sort="Sarker, Md Abedin" uniqKey="Sarker M" first="Md Abedin" last="Sarker">Md Abedin Sarker</name>
<name sortKey="Sikder, Md Tajuddin" sort="Sikder, Md Tajuddin" uniqKey="Sikder M" first="Md Tajuddin" last="Sikder">Md Tajuddin Sikder</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Missouri (État)"><name sortKey="Gozal, David" sort="Gozal, David" uniqKey="Gozal D" first="David" last="Gozal">David Gozal</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Taïwan"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lin, Chung Ying" sort="Lin, Chung Ying" uniqKey="Lin C" first="Chung-Ying" last="Lin">Chung-Ying Lin</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Griffiths, Mark D" sort="Griffiths, Mark D" uniqKey="Griffiths M" first="Mark D" last="Griffiths">Mark D. Griffiths</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pakpour, Amir H" sort="Pakpour, Amir H" uniqKey="Pakpour A" first="Amir H" last="Pakpour">Amir H. Pakpour</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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